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Compare Spratly Islands (2008) - Libya (2003)
Compare Spratly Islands (2008) z Libya (2003)
| Spratly Islands (2008) | Libya (2003) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years: 34.5% (male 970,026; female 929,174)
15-64 years: 61.4% (male 1,744,992; female 1,630,399) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 109,262; female 115,221) (2003 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle |
| Airports | 3 (2007) | 136 (2002) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2007) |
total: 58
over 3,047 m: 23 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 22 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007) |
total: 78
over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 39 under 914 m: 18 (2002) |
| Area | total: less than 5 sq km
land: less than 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea |
total: 1,759,540 sq km
land: 1,759,540 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | NA | slightly larger than Alaska |
| Background | The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef but has not made any formal claim. | Since he took power in a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system - a combination of socialism and Islam - which he calls the Third International Theory. Viewing himself as a revolutionary leader, he used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, even supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. Libyan military adventures failed, e.g., the prolonged foray of Libyan troops into the Aozou Strip in northern Chad was finally repulsed in 1987. Libyan support for terrorism decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. Those sanctions were suspended in April 1999. |
| Birth rate | - | 27.43 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Budget | - | revenues: $13.7 billion
expenditures: $8.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.) |
| Capital | - | Tripoli |
| Climate | tropical | Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior |
| Coastline | 926 km | 1,770 km |
| Constitution | - | 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977 |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Spratly Islands |
conventional long form: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
conventional short form: Libya local long form: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma local short form: none |
| Currency | - | Libyan dinar (LYD) |
| Death rate | - | 3.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $4.4 billion (2001 est.) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | Libya does not have an embassy in the US |
| Disputes - international | all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands | Libya has claimed more than 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria and about 25,000 sq km in Niger in currently dormant disputes; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $15 million (2000) |
| Economy - overview | Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored. There are no reliable estimates of potential reserves. Commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. | The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contribute practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food. Higher oil prices in the last three years led to an increase in export revenues, which has improved macroeconomic balances but has done little to stimulate broad-based economic growth. Libya is making slow progress toward economic liberalization and the upgrading of economic infrastructure, but truly market-based reforms will be slow in coming. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 18.77 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production | - | 20.18 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m |
lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m
highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban |
| Ethnic groups | - | Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians |
| Exchange rates | - | Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.2 (2003), 0.6 (2002), 0.51 (2001), 0.5 (2000), 0.39 (1999) |
| Executive branch | - | chief of state: Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state
head of government: Secretary of the General People's Committee (Premier) Mubarak al-SHAMEKH (since 2 March 2000) cabinet: General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress elections: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA) election results: Mubarak al-SHAMEKH elected premier; percent of General People's Congress vote - NA% |
| Exports | - | NA (2001) |
| Exports - commodities | - | crude oil, refined petroleum products (1999) |
| Exports - partners | - | Italy 42.6%, Germany 14.1%, Spain 13.6%, Turkey 6.9%, Switzerland 4.4% (2002) |
| Fiscal year | - | calendar year |
| Flag description | - | plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion) |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $33.36 billion (2002 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture: 9%
industry: 45% services: 46% (2001 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $6,200 (2002 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | 1.2% (2002 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 8 38 N, 111 55 E | 25 00 N, 17 00 E |
| Geography - note | strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs | more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert |
| Heliports | 3 (2007) | 1 (2002) |
| Highways | - | total: 83,200 km
paved: 47,590 km unpaved: 35,610 km (1999 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | - | NA (2001) |
| Imports - commodities | - | machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods (1999) |
| Imports - partners | - | Italy 25.6%, Germany 9.8%, South Korea 6.6%, UK 6.6%, Tunisia 6.5%, Japan 6.4%, France 5.7% (2002) |
| Independence | - | 24 December 1951 (from Italy) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | NA% |
| Industries | - | petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement |
| Infant mortality rate | - | total: 26.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.16 deaths/1,000 live births female: 24.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 1% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | - | ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 1 (2002) |
| Irrigated land | 0 sq km | 4,700 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | - | Supreme Court |
| Labor force | - | 1.5 million (2000 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | services 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17% (1997 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total: 4,348 km
border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005) |
arable land: 1.03%
permanent crops: 0.17% other: 98.8% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | - | Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities |
| Legal system | - | based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | - | unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees) |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population: 76.07 years
male: 73.91 years female: 78.34 years (2003 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 82.6% male: 92.4% female: 72% (2003 est.) |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines | Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Africa |
| Maritime claims | NA | territorial sea: 12 NM
note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north |
| Merchant marine | - | total: 21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 130,081 GRT/115,480 DWT
ships by type: cargo 9, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 4 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Algeria 1, Kuwait 1, UAE 1 (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam | - |
| Military branches | - | Armed Peoples on Duty (Army), Navy, Air and Air Defense Command (includes Air Force) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $1.3 billion (FY99) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 3.9% (FY99) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 1,546,432 (2003 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 914,649 (2003 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 17 years of age (2003 est.) |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males: 61,511 (2003 est.) |
| National holiday | - | Revolution Day, 1 September (1969) |
| Nationality | - | noun: Libyan(s)
adjective: Libyan |
| Natural hazards | typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard | hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms |
| Natural resources | fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential | petroleum, natural gas, gypsum |
| Net migration rate | - | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Pipelines | - | condensate 225 km; gas 3,196 km; oil 6,872 km (2003) |
| Political parties and leaders | - | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements |
| Population | no indigenous inhabitants
note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states |
5,499,074
note: includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2003 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | NA% |
| Population growth rate | - | 2.39% (2003 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | - | Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah |
| Radio broadcast stations | - | AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 3 (2002) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | - | Sunni Muslim 97% |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal and compulsory |
| Telephone system | - | general assessment: telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996
domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | 500,000 (1998) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | 20,000 (1998) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1999) |
| Terrain | flat | mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions |
| Total fertility rate | - | 3.49 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | 30% (2001) |
| Waterways | - | none |
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